Shutter setting and film winding mechanism



Nov. 14, 1939. o. WITTEL 2.180.028

SHUTTER SETTING AND FILM WINDING MECHANISM Filed April 12 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 49 8 0m M'zte/ [24 INVENTOR irr' ORNES Nov. 14, 1939. o. WITTEL 2 80 028 SHUTTER SETTING AND FILM WINDING MECHANISM Filed April 12, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N VEN TOR om W7 A; 'I'TORNEYS Patented Nov, 14, 1939 SHUTTER SETTING AND WINDING MECHANISM Otto Wittel, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application April 12, 1938, Serial No. 201.539

9, Claims.

operated after each exposure.

One of these winding members is for advancing the film'strip the proper distance for a new exposure, and the other is a winding member for setting the shutter, which is efiected by winding the curtain onto the wind-up drum. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that where two such separate operations must be performedbetween each ex posure, and the operation of two separate members is required to perform these operations, it is no wonder how an operator attempts to take a picture having performed only one of the necessary operations, having overlooked the other. Due to such occurrences much film is wasted through double exposure, or an interesting shot is lost forever because the shutter has not been set. Further, it will be appreciated that to operate two separate winding members to set the shutter and wind the film will requiremore time than would be required if the two operations could be accomplished through one winding member; and this difference in time might mean the difierenoe between getting the desired picture or missing it forever.

Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide in a camera having a focal plane shutter, an arrangement whereby the film will be advanced and the shutter will be set through the actuation of a single winding knob. Another object is to provide such a camera whereby the film takeup spool is automatically stopped after the required length of film has been advanced, doing away with the necessity of watching exposure numbers through the back of the camera; and to provide an automatic means for stopping the shutter wind-up drum after the shutter is set. And still another object is to provide a differential drive between the winding knob, the takeup film spool, and the shutter windup drum so that when the winding knob is rotated the takeup spool or the wind-up drum, depending upon which one ofiers the least resistance, will be rotated to the position where it is automatically stopped, after which iurtherrotation of the winding knob serves'to wind the other member to its final position after which the winding knob itself is locked againstiurther rotation giving the indication that the film is wound and the shutter is set ready for an exposure. Another object is to provide an epicyclic gear train in the form of a planetary gearing to provide this differential drive, which type of gearing is particularly adapted for use in a limited space such as is available for such mechanism in a camera having a shutter of the focal plane type. And

a further object is to provide an arrangement of the type described which is simple in construction, efiicient in operation, and wherewlth to setthe shutter and wind the film it is only necessary to rotate a single knob until it is locked against rotation.

Briefly, my invention comprises connecting the film takeup spool and the shutter wind-up drum to a single winding knob through a planetary gearing. With suchan arrangement ro tation of the winding knob will first serve to wind up the'member oiiering the least resistance until it comes to a stop, after which further rotation of the winding knob will rotate the otheruntil it comes to a stop. When the takeup roll has come to a stop aiter advancing the film, and the wind-up drum has come to a stop after setting the shutter, the winding knob will at loci-zed f" against further rotation giving an indication that these necessary operations have been completed and the camera is ready for a new exposure.

The novel features that I consider characteristic oi my invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The inven= tion-itseli, however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with ad ditional objects and advanta es thereof, will best be understood from the following description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which,

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a camera embodying this invention,-

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan View, partly in sec" tion, of one end of the camera with the top plate removed, and showing the planetary gearing be tween the winding knob, takeup spool, and the wind-up drum of the shutter,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation of one end of the camera showing the connection between the wind-up drum, the takeup spool, and the winding knob,

Fig. 4 is a partial rear elevation of a camera with the back removed for loading, and showing the film measuring mechanism,

Fig. 5 is a section taken substantially on line 5-5 of Fig. 2, and showing the release for the 66 following blind operated from the speed setting mechanism,

Fig. 6 is-an enlarged plan view of the camera with the top plate removed,

Fig. 7 is a section taken substantially on line 'I-Tof Fig. 6, and showing the shutter release A shutter setting and film winding mechanismconstructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown mounted in a compact camera wherein a camera '.body I, having film spool chambers 2 and 3 for thelens'm'ount telescopes, and will serve to the supply and takeup film spools 4 and 5 respectively, has a back or closure 6- which is removable from the camera body for loading the film into the camera. The camera objective is carried in a lens mount 1 which can be mounted on the camera body in any suitable mannerso as to be received within the same for carrying purposes, i. e. folding bed and bellows, telescoping lens mount, etc., and for the purpose of illustration I have shown a camera constructed so as to receive the lens mount in telescopic relation in .a recess in the front of the camera whereby it is adapted to receive in the recess 8 in the camera body when collapsed. This recess 8 has arcuate portions 8' which may be internally threaded with threads of steep pitch, and in threaded engagement with which the mount may be arranged so as to be screwed into and out of the camera body. Since the method of mounting the lens on the camera body has no bearing on the present invention, the particular structure used is of no consequence, and is not specifically shown in the drawings.

Behind the recess 8 is situated a frame 9 having a rectangul aperture l0 equal in size to the picture which is to be taken. The aperture I 0 in the frame 9 will be equal in dimension to the rectangular outline of the recess 8 into which prevent the lens upon telescoping to its retracted position from accidentally engaging the shutter curtains. This. frame may be fastened to the camera body I by screws. i5, and is provided with ears II for supporting the stub shafts l2, see Fig.- 4. Situated in the camera body I behind and spaced from the frame 9 is the customary film guide plate I3 over which the film F is threaded in moving from the supply spool 4 to the takeup spool 5. This plate l3 may be grooved to receive the film strip to properly positionit in the focal plane of the lens, and is provided withan exposure aperture l4 which determines the picture size on the film, and into aposition' relative to which the film is moved forexposure.

-While the focal plane shutter may be of any well-known type, for the purpose of illustration I have shown one of the two-curtain type, generally known as a self-capping shutter. The wind-up drum for the shutter includes a shaft It which extends across the camera body l and the pulleys 28 and 21, and the wind-up roller 3| are 70 is rotatably mounted in a recess H in said camera body. One end [8 of the shaft 16 is rotatably mounted in the bore l8 of the stud H, which stud in turn extends through and is rotatably mounted relative to the sleeve 20 extending 5 roller 3| which has a reduced hollow shank 32 15 and enlarged curtain supporting ends 33 and 34. The front or leading curtain 35 has one end fastened to the spring roller 36 onto which it is wound in winding off, and the other end thereof is provided with a cross strip 31 to the ends of 20 which are fastened cords 38 fixed to and passing over the wind-up pulleys 25 and 21. The cords 38 pass over guide pulleys 39 in passing to windup pulleys 26 and. 21, these guide pulleys being located so as to .direct the curtain 35 in a path 25 parallel to the plane of the exposure aperture. The rear or following curtain '40 is cut out at one end to provide straps 4| which are attached at their ends to and pass over curtain supporting ends 33 and 34 of the wind-up roller 31. other end of the curtain 40 is provided with a cross strip 42 to the ends of which are fastened cords 43, the free ends thereof being fixed to spring operated pulleys 44 adjacent the spring roller 36, see .Figs. 6 and 8. In passing to the 35 spring pulleys 44 the cords 43 pass over guide pulleys 45 coaxial with the spring roller 36 so as to maintain the curtain 40 parallel to the other curtain. These guide pulleys 45 are rotatable with respect to the spring roller 36, and are not 4 affected by the spring action thereof at any time.

The top end of the following curtain 40 is maintained in parallel relation with the exposure aperture and properly guided onto the wind-up roller by passing over the guide'rollers 48 which 45 may be rotatably mounted onthe stub shafts l2 supported by the frame member 9, which guide rollers are coaxial with the guide pulleys '39 and arenof the same diameter and in alignment with the lower guide pulleys 45 for the following 50 curtain. Referring to Fig. 8, it will be noticed that inmoving from the wind-up drum to the wind-oil spring roller and pulleys, the ends of the curtains are separated to provide the desired exposure slot S, which moves uniformly across the exposure aperture to, give the desired exposure. When the curtains are wound up, the following curtain 40 moves first enough to close the slot S after which both curtains are-wound up together. The widthof theslot is variable 0 to give different exposures, and the mechanism ,for controlling the width of the slot, as well as the proper winding up of the curtains will be described-hereinafter. Since the following ourtain 40 is wound up on the wind-up roller 3|,

and the leading curtain 35 is wound up on the wind-up pulleys 26 and 21, it will be appreciated that both'must be,operated to wind-up or set shutter. Therefore, since the wind-up when speaking of the shutter as a single element.

Pinned to the shaft l6 adjacent the 10 The 30 For winding up, or setting the shutter, and releasing the same, the following mechanism is provided. Rotatably mounted on the bearing 24 against the bottom wall "of the camera body is a spur gear 41 rotation of which drives the wind-up shaft to wind up the shutter. To the inside face of the spur gear 41 is attached a plate 48 having a spring finger 49 pressed away therefrom to engage a pin 50 extending from the face of the wind-up pulley 21, see Figs. 3 and 9. Thus when the spur gear 41 is rotated in the direction as indicated by the arrow in Figs. 3 and 9, the spring finger 49 picks up the pin 50 and causes rotation of the wind-up pulleys 25 and 21, and the shaft I5 connecting the same. This rotation serves to wind-up the leading curtain 35. Referring to Fig. 3, it will be noticed that a pin 52 extending radially from the trunnion .25 of the pulley 21 abuts and picks up pin 53 extendingaxially from the curtain supporting end 34 of the wind-up roller 3| so that the wind-up roller 3| is rotated along with the wind-up pulley when the spur gear 41 is rotated in the right direction. This serves to wind up the following curtain 45 in conjunction with the winding up of the leading curtain. In the drawings, with the exception of Fig. 8, the parts are shown in the position they will assume when the shutter is wound up or set, and this position is automatically determined when the projecting end 54 of the plate 55 fixed to the inside face of the windup pulley 21 engages the stop member 55 fixed to the camera body and extending radially into the recess H. To prevent the spur gear from rotating in the wrong direction due to the spring tension on the shutter, I have shown a spring 51 fixed in the recess|1 to ride on the teeth of the spur gear 41 in the manner of a pawl and ratchet. It is to be understood that this effect can be obtained by placing a one-way clutch mechanism between the gear 41 and the bearing therefor.

The pins 52 and 58 on the wind-up pulley 21, and on the wind-up rollers 3| respectively are so positioned relative to one another that when they are in driving abutment the leading and fol-' lowing curtains are in an overlapped position so that they prevent all passage of light through the exposure aperture. The curtains will be in this relation from the time they are completely wound off until they are completely wound up. The shutter is released when the spring finger 49 attached to the spur gear 41 is removed from the path of the pin 50 on the wind-up pulley 21 whereupon the spring roller- 35 and the spring operated pulley 44 act to pull the curtains 35 and 45 across the exposure aperture M at a uniform speed and with a given slot S between the ends of the two. The width of theslot'S may be varied by a speed setting mechanism which will be described hereinafter.

In winding off, the travel of the leading curtain 55 will be stopped when the pulley 21 makes practically a complete revolution and the projection 54 of the plate 55 abuts the opposite sideof the stop member 55. The travel of the following curtain 40 will be stopped when the pin 52 on the trunnion 25 completes practically a complete revolution to abut the pin 58 on roller II in which position the curtains will be overlapped and inposition to be wound up in such overlapped position. The shutter release includes a push rod 51 extending through the camera body adjacent the shutter wind-up drum and slidably supported at its opposite ends.

The push button 58 is attached to this push rod 51 and extends to the outside of the camera body. Extending from the push rod 51 adjacent the spur gear 41 is an arm 59 which is adapted to engage an extension 50 formed on the spring finger 49, see Fig. 9. when the push button 58 is pressed downwardly, the push rod 51 is slid parallel to the axis of the wind-up drum and the arm 59 thereon presses against the extension 50 and springs the spring finger 49 out of engagement with the pin 50 whereupon the shutter is allowed to wind off. The push rod 51 is normally moved to its inoperative position by a coil spring 5| which has one end engaging a hole in the push rod while the other end thereof is held by a pin 52 fixed to the supporting plate 88 in the camera body The extension 58 is required on the spring finger 45 because of the limited nature of the space available between the spring finger and the wind-up pulley does not permit the arm 59 to extend far enough to engage the finger proper without interfering with the pulley 21.

It will be noticed by referring to Fig. '1 that thisextension 50 extends beyond the periphery of the pulley 21 so that the arm can engage the same without interfering with the pulley.

Coming now to the arrangement for winding the film and shutter from the same winding knob, it will be noticed, by referring particularly to Figs. 2 and 3, that the winding knob is fixed to-the stub shaft 55 extending through and rotatable relative to the camera wall 2| by the screw 51. Although it has not been shown or described, this stub shaft 55 may be provided with a one-way clutch'which would serve to al-' low rotation of the winding knob 65 in only the proper direction, that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. On .a reduced end 58 of the stub shaft 55 is rotatably mounted a sleeve member 59 integral with one end of which is a gear 10 and integral with the other end of which is a radially extending flange 1| the periphery of which is provided with ratchet teeth 12. The sleeve member 59 is rotatably held on the reduced end 58 of the stub shaft by the bolt 13. The outer face of the flange 1| is provided with a pair of lugs 14 which are p and form a keywhich fits into the customary keyway in the end of the takeup film spool 5 to drivingly connect the same to the flange 1|. The other end of the film spool is placed on a stud 15 fixed to and extending from the bottom wall 25 of the camera body, and relative to which the spool is rotatable. This manner of mounting a .takeup spool in a camera to be drivingly connected to the winding key is well known in the art, and I have only modified said construction by drivingly connecting the 'spool ,to the sleeve member 59 instead of directly to the winding key proper.

Fixed to and rotatable with the stub shaft 55 is a fiange 15 from'which extends a plurality, in this case four, of studs 11 to the other end of which is fixed anannular ring 18. These studs 11 are elrcumferentially spaced around the flange 15 relative to one another, and rotatably mounted on each stud between the flange 15 and the annular ring 18 is a pinion 19 which meshes with the gear 10 fixed to the sleeve member 55. Rotatably mounted between the flange 18 and the annularring 18 is a ring'gear 50, and this ring gear is of such size that, when mounted as described, the lntemal teeth 8| thereof mesh with the teeth of each of the pinion's 15. The external teeth 82 diametrically opposite one another of the ring gear mesh with a pinion 83 fixed to the shaft 94 rotatably mounted in the top and bottom walls II and of the camera, and rotation of this shaft is transmitted to the spur gear 41 through engagement of said spurgear with the gear 95 fixed to the other end of the shaft 94. With this described planetary gearing arrangement the shutter can be wound up and the film can be advanced through rotation of the winding knob 95 each independently oi the other. Forinstance, when the winding knob is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1,

either the shutter wind-up drum or the film just been made and the shutter is ready to be set and the film is to be advanced. Assuming that the shutter ofiers the least resistance to movenient, when the winding knob 9| isrotated the pinions "will, be rotated around the gear I9,

'-which is connected to the takeup spool 4, andthe' rin gear 90 .will be rotated by rotation of said pinions to drive the spur gear 41 and wind up the shutter until projection 54 on the pulley 21 engages the. stop member 5' in which positionthe shutter is fully wound and can be wound y no further. Nowsince the gear train driven by the ring gear 99 and the ring gear itself is held against further movement, upon continued rota-' tion of the winding-knob II the pinions 19 will run around the inside of the ring gear and will drive the gear 19. This causes rotation oi. the sleeve 99 and along with it the flange H to which the takeup spool 4 is keyed, so that the film is wound. The winding knob 95 can be rotated until the sleeve 99 is automatically stopped and positively held against further rotation through the action of a film measuring mechanism described hereinafter. 'When both the shutter wind-up drum and the takeup spool have been advanced the required amount and are positively held against further movement, both the ring gear 80 and the gear 10 are held against rotation so'that the pinions 19 cannot be rotated around the axis of the stub shaft 66 and the winding knob is therefore lockedagainst further rotation.

It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that should the resistance to movement be equal in the film winding and shutter winding mechanisms, that rotation of the pinions 19 by knob 65 will cause both the ring gear 99 and the gear 19 to rotate in the proper direction, see v arrows in Fig. 2, at the same time. Under these conditions the film will be advanced and the shutter willbe wound simultaneously until the resistances in the two become unequal whereupon one will move while the other stands substantially still, as described above. It is pointed out that one or'more pinions 19 may be used and function as described, but I have found that four spaced as shown give a most satisfactory result in that binding betweenthe ring gear 80, gear- 19, I

and the pinions 19 is eliminated.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 4, 6, and 10, the film measuring and exposure counting mechanism includes a film measuring roller 81 .ra'tchet teeth 12. is effected by pressing ainst the button Ml r which extends across the camera body in the path of the film F and which is rotatably mounted at either end in supporting plates 99 positioned in the camera body. This measuring roller is substantially equal in width to the film strip, and either end of the roller is provided with flanges 49 the peripheries of which are roughened in any suitable manner, as by knurling'. The film, which is unperforated, in passing from the supply spool'to the takeup spool is supported at its edges by these roughened flanges so that movement oi the film serves to rotate said measuring roller. It is absolutely essential in measuring the film advance'that there be no slippage between the film strip and the measuring roller, hence the reason for roughening the flanges of said roller. Further assurance against slippage at this point is provided by the spring fingers 90 which are mounted in the camera body and en gage'each edge of the film adjacent said measuring' roller to pressthe edges. of the film into engagement with said rough flanges. Most cameras of this type, where the film advance is con' trolled by a measuring roller, are adapted for use with film which is perforated along its edges, and wherewith the measuring roller can take the form of a toothed sprocket to positively engage these perforations. With this type of structure there is no chance of slippage between the measuring roller and the film strip, and the measuring rolleris usually geared to the shutter winding mechanism so that the fil n is fully advanced and the shutter is set simultaneously in which case no diflerential drive between the two is needed. However, it will be readily appreciated that where unpertorated film is used, as in this instance, this positive drive between the film and measuring roller is not manifest, and to overcome the effect of any slippa e which might cause the film wind up to lag behind the setting oi. the shutter, a diiierential drive of the type described is indispensable. v

Rotatablewith the measuring roller isa pinion 9| which is in engagement with a gear 92 to the face of which is fastened a disk 93 having a slot.

acts as a pawl to engage the ratchet teeth I2 of the periphery of the flange II to hold the film takeup spool 4 from rotating.

The slide 96 is normally spring pressed into the position shown by a spring I00, in which position the projection 91 and the end 99 of the arm 99 engage the ratchet teeth 12 and the slot,- ted disk 93 to automatically stop and hold the takeup spool against rotation; Movement of the slide 96 to the locking position shown depends upon the disk 93 being in the position where the projection 91 is admitted to the slot 94 in the disk 93, and since this disk is rotated from the film measuring roller 91 the slide can move to this position only after a given length of film has been advanced. Before the film can be advanced after an exposure, the slide 96 must be moved against the spring I99 to disengage the projection 91 from the slot 94 in the disk and to remove the end 99- of the-slide 98 from the movement of the slide disk 93 connected to the slide and extending through a slot in the camera wall2I to the outside thereof. Movement of the slide is limited in each direction by the length of theslot I02 in the slide 98 in which rides on a pin I02 projecting from the partition 95. As the slide 28 is moved to release the projection 91 from the slot 94 the tension in the film will serve to move the measuring roller 41 a sufficient amount to cause lution and the slot 94 therein comes. again into alignment with the projection 91, whereupon the slide will return to its locking position. The gearing between the measuring roller 81 and the will be such that the advance of a given lengthof film over the roller will cause one rotation of the disk after which the slide 96 will automatically move to its locking position, and to 1 ratio between the gear 92 driving the disk will give a satisfactory relation between the measuring roller and the disk 94.

The exposure counter includes a numbered .knoblli! which is rotatably mounted on the top mounted on a shaft I08 and this finger engages the ratchet II'L- Bywall 2i of the camera. This knob is rotatably extending through the camera wall and to the lower end of which is mounted a ratchet II". This ratchet is engaged and held against rotation in the wrong direction by a spring pressed pawl I08 pivoted at I!!! to the under side of the camera wall 2|. A finger IIlis mounted to slide with the slide 98, having a round end III integral therewith set into a circular recess H2 in the edge of the slide 98,

means of this construction it will be understood how the sliding movement of the slide 24 after each advance of the film will serve to move the ratchet member ID! through one step to cause the exposure aperture to let through different quantities of light. This r'oa'ii'c which is slidably mounted at its the knob I" and thereby indicate an exposure. After the new film has been threaded into the camera, counter knob- I" will be set to zero with a fixed index. mark on the camera wall, and thereafter at each winding of the film the counter will be rotated step by step to give the operator an indication of how many exposures he has made on the roll of film in the camera.

control the exposure, the width of the slot ween the ends of the leading and following curtains 24 and 40 respectively, in moving past I4 in windingofl, is varied the partial rotation of exposure control, or shutter speed as it'may be filled, is effected in the following manner. Referring to Figs. 3, 5,.and '1, an aperture plate H4 is slidably mounted on the sleeve 2! extendingthrough the wall 2I of the camera body, and has attached thereto a finger. II! which extends parallel to the axis of the wind-up roller ii and adjacent the periphery of the curtain supporting end 24 thereof. Also to the edge of the aperture plate H4 is attachedone end of a PP site ends in the supporting plates 88. A coil spring II! surrounding the rod H8 and located between a shoulder in the disk,

speed indications around its periphery II! fixed thereto and one ofthe supporting plates 88 normally forces the rod I I8 and along with it the plate II 4 and the finger II! to the left, looking at Figs. 5 and '7. It will be readily understood by referring to the drawings, ends, this structure tends to hold the plate II4 that since the rod H6 is supported at both in a horizontal position and allows the same to slide along the sleeve 20 without binding.

Fixed to and extending radially from the curtain supporting end 34 of the wind-up roller 3| is a'pin I20 into the path of which the finger the right and allow'the pin to pass thereby, but

after the pin' passes said finger a flat side thereon engages-the square side of the finger and the roller 3| is held in a wound up position by said finger.

Integral with the stud I9 and located between the face of the wind-up pulley 26 and the aperture plate H4 is a flange I42. This flange is provided with a ball seat in which is loosely located a ball I23, the surface of which contacts both the face of the pulley 26 and the face of the aperture plate 4. Located on the face of the pulley 2B is a semi-circular member I24 which is adapted, when the pulley rotates, to engage the ball I23 and forcethe same against the aperture plate II4 to thereby slide the plate along the sleeve 20- and remove the finger H6 from the path of the pin I20 on the end 34 of the wind-up roller II. By means of this-arrangement, when the curtains 35 and 40 are wound up and in a position shown, the movement of the shutter release button 58'causes the push rod 51 to disengage the spring finger 49 of the pin 50 on the wind-up pulley 2'I, whereupon the leading curtain 35 is released and starts to wind off. After the leading curtain is moved a given distance the semi-circular member I24 of the wind-up'pulley I26 engages the ball I22 and effects the-release of the finger Hi from the i I path of the pin I20 whereupon the following,

of the ball I23 with respect to the semi-circular member I24 when the curtains are in a'woundup position, or"-"when the curtains are in anyrelative position. This relationship between the ball I22 and the semi-circular member I24 may be optionally altered by turning the shutter setting knob I25 pinned to the end of the stud I 9 projecting to the outside of the camera, which serves to rotate the flange I22 and along with the ball I23 relativeto the pulley 28. The setting knob may be marked with a plurality of which when aligned with a fixed index on a camera wall will serve to indicate the speed for which the shutter is set.

-With this arrangement for setting the shutter speeds. or the width of theslot S between the curtains mov n P e exposure aperture, the.

setting knob 125 does not rotate as the shutter winds off, because there is no positive connection between the setting knob and the winding drum of the shutter.- This, as will be appreciated? is a distinct advantage over previously used shutter setting arrangements where the setting knob rotates as the shutter winds 011", where the shutter winds up, or both. 'Wherethe setting knob rotates with the shutter winding drum there is always a chance of the operator getting his fingers in the way of and interfering with said knob, which must necessarly be in an accessible position, and if this happens the winding off of the shutter is accidentally interrupted or entirely stopped and the exposure is either spoiled or is unsatisfactorydue to an incorrect setting speed.

With the shutter setting and film winding arrangement above described, and constituting this invention, the film is advanced and the shutter is set through the actuation of a single winding knob. This arrangement therefore has the advantage over known structures, using separate winding knobs for each of these operations, in that where both the shutter is set and the film is wound by asingle member the possibility of performing one operation and forgetting theother is eliminated. Further, by using the planetary gearing shown between the winding knob, the

takeup spool, and the shutter wind-up drum, the

shutter may be set and the film may be advanced independently of one another through rotation of the winding knob after which the winding knob is locked against further rotation indicating that these operations have been accomplished.

Although I have shown and described certain specific embodiments of my invention, I am fully aware that many modifications thereof are possible. My invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except insofar as is necessitated by the prior art, and by the spirit of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention what I declare is new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a camera having an exposure aperture, the combination of means for feeding a film past said exposure aperture and into exposing position relative thereto, a shutter for alternately permitting and preventing light-to pass through said exposure aperture, means for setting said shutter, an operating member movably mounted on the camera, and a differential gearing maintained between said operating member, said film feeding means, and said shutter setting means whereby the film can be fed and the-shutter can be set simultaneously, or each independent of the other through movement of said operating member.

2. In a camera having an ,exposure aperture, the combination of means for feeding a film past said exposure apertureand into exposing position relative thereto, a focal plane shutter adapted to move past said, exposure aperture to control the passage of light therethrough, means for winding up said shutter to set the same, an operating member movably mounted on the camera, and an epicyclic gear train between said operating member, said film feeding means, and said shutter setting means whereby Lhe film is fed and the shutter is set through movement of said operating member.

to move past said exposure aperture to control the passage of light therethrough, a wind-up drum onto which said shutter is wound when in a set position, a knob rotatably mounted on the camera, and a diiferential drive maintained between the film feeding means, the windup roll, and said knob whereby rotation of said knob serves both to advance the film and set the shutter independently of one another.

4. In a camera having an exposure aperture, the combination of a supply spool of film, a takeup film spool rotation of which advances the film strip across the exposure aperture from the supply spool, a curtain shutter movable across the exposure aperture, a spring driven roller for supporting one end of the curtain, a wind-up drum for supporting the other end of the curtain, a winding knob rotatably mounted on the camera, and a differential drive maintained between the winding knob, the take-up film spool and the wind-up drum whereby the film is advanced and the shutter is set independently of one another upon rotation of the winding knob.

5. In a camera having an exposure aperture, the combination of a supply spool of film, a takeup film spool rotation of which advances the film strip across the exposure aperture from the supply spool. a focal plane shutter comprising a leading blind and a following blind, means normally tending to move said blinds across the exposure aperture, wind-up means for moving said blinds across the exposure aperture to set the shutter, a,

winding knob rotatably mounted on the camera,

, and a difierential gearing maintained between said winding knob, the take-up spool, and the wind-up means whereby the film is advanced and the shutter is set independently of one another upon rotation of the winding knob.

6. In a camera having an exposure aperture, the combination of a supply spool of film, a take-up film spool rotation of which advances the film strip across the exposure aperture from the supply spool, a focal plane shutter movable across the exposure aperture, and including a I wind-up means for setting the shutter, a winding knob rotatably mounted on the camera, and a difierential drive between the'winding knob, the take-up spool, and the wind-up means whereby the take-up spool and the wind-up means are rotated independently of one another through.

wind-up drum supporting one end of the shutter and for setting the same, a winding knob rotatably mounted on the camera, a differential gearing connecting said winding knob, the take-up spool, and the wind-up drum whereby the film is advanced and the" shutter set independently of one another through rotation of said winding knob, said gearing including a pinion connected to the winding knob to move in a path concentric with the axis of said winding knob upon rotation of the knob, a gear positively connected to the take-up spool and 'in mesh with said pinion, and

a ring gear drivin'gly connected to the wind-up drum and in mesh with said pinion.

8. In a camera having an exposure aperture, the combination of a supply spool of film, a takeup film spool rotation of which advances the film strip across the exposure aperture from the supply spool, a focal plane shutter movable across the exposure aperture, and including a wind-up drum supporting one end of the shutter and for setting the same, a winding knob rotatably mounted on the camera, a differential gearing connecting said winding knob, the take-up spool, and the wind-up drum whereby the film is advanced and the shutter set independently of one another through rotation of said winding knob,

said gearing including a plurality of rotatable pinions, spaced arcuately from one another and connected to the winding knob to move in a path concentric with the axis of said winding knob upon rotation of the knob, a gear positively connected to the take-up spool and in mesh with each of said pinions, and a ring gear drivingly connected to the wind-up drum and in mesh with each of said pinions.

9. In a camera having an exposure aperture, the combination of a supply spool of film, a take-up film spool rotation of which advances the film strip across the exposure aperture from the supply spool, means for automatically stopping the rotation of said take-up spool after each exposure for correctlypositioning a new film area in the exposure aperture, a focal plane shutter movable across the exposure aperture, and in- *cluding a wind-up drum supporting one end, of

the shutter and for setting the same, means for automatically stopping the movement of said wind-up drum when the shutter is set, a winding knob rotatably mounted on the camera, an epicyclic gear train connecting the winding knob, the take-up spool, and the wind-up drum whereby the film is advanced and the shutter set independently of one another through rotation of said winding knob, said gear train including a spur gear arranged coaxially with the winding knob, rotatable relative thereto, and positively connected to the take-up spool, a plurality of pinions in mesh with and spaced around the periphery of said spur gear, and connected to the winding knob to move around the spur gear upon rotation of the winding knob, and a ring gear surrounding and meshing with said pinions and rotatable relative to the winding knob, said ring gear geared to the wind-up drum to rotate the same. 

